{"id":11167,"date":"2022-06-20T02:43:46","date_gmt":"2022-06-20T02:43:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/?post_type=capabilities&#038;p=11167"},"modified":"2024-05-22T20:09:22","modified_gmt":"2024-05-22T20:09:22","slug":"materials-old","status":"publish","type":"capabilities","link":"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/es\/capabilities\/materiales\/","title":{"rendered":"Materiales antiguos"},"content":{"rendered":"<section  id=\"block_62afdd12d38ab\"\n  class=\"hero hero position-relative full-width\"\n      style=\"background: #000000 url(https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/GettyImages-1279039148-scaled.jpg) center \/ cover no-repeat;\"\n    >\n\n  <div class=\"overlay position-absolute w-100 h-100\"><\/div>\n\n  \n  <div class=\"container hero-layer hero-layer--front\">\n    <div class=\"row align-items-center\">\n\n      <div class=\"col-12 col-lg-8\">\n                  <p class=\"paulo-breadcrumb small-text text-uppercase\">\n                                          capabilities >\n                                                  Materials Old\n          <\/p>\n                          <h1 class=\"title title-48 text-lowercase\">Materials\n                      <\/h1>\n                          <p class=\"text\">From basic carbon steels to highly specialized alloys, our metallurgy and engineering teams understand the nuances of heat treating a wide variety of metal materials. <\/p>\n        \n         \n                  \n                      <\/div>\n      \n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  \n  <div class=\"container position-relative hero-layer hero-layer--middle\">\n      <\/div>\n\n  \n  <div class=\"video-wrapper position-absolute overflow-hidden text-center text-lg-left hero-layer hero-layer--back\">\n      <\/div>\n\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Heat Treatment of Steels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Steel blends iron, carbon, and oftentimes other alloying agents together. There are over 3,500 different types of steel, all featuring different chemical makeup and physical properties. Here are a few types that we often see in thermal processing.<\/p>\n\n\n<section id=\"block_62afdd7bd38ac\" class=\"tabbed-content block\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"container d-none d-lg-block\">\n        <div class=\"row\">\n            <div class=\"tab-container row\">\n                <div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n                    \n                    <div class=\"tab-sidebar nav flex-column nav-pills\" id=\"v-pills-tab\" role=\"tablist\"\n                        aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n                                                                                                        <a class=\"tab-link active\"\n                                id=\"v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-0-tab\" data-toggle=\"pill\"\n                                href=\"#v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-0\" role=\"tab\"\n                                aria-controls=\"v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-0\" aria-selected=\"true\">\n                                Carburizing Steels\n                            <\/a>\n                                                                                                            <a class=\"tab-link \"\n                                id=\"v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-1-tab\" data-toggle=\"pill\"\n                                href=\"#v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-1\" role=\"tab\"\n                                aria-controls=\"v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-1\" aria-selected=\"true\">\n                                Carbon Steels\n                            <\/a>\n                                                                                                            <a class=\"tab-link \"\n                                id=\"v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-2-tab\" data-toggle=\"pill\"\n                                href=\"#v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-2\" role=\"tab\"\n                                aria-controls=\"v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-2\" aria-selected=\"true\">\n                                Maraging Steels\n                            <\/a>\n                                                                                                            <a class=\"tab-link \"\n                                id=\"v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-3-tab\" data-toggle=\"pill\"\n                                href=\"#v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-3\" role=\"tab\"\n                                aria-controls=\"v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-3\" aria-selected=\"true\">\n                                Specialty Alloy Steels &amp; Engineering Alloys\n                            <\/a>\n                                                                                                            <a class=\"tab-link \"\n                                id=\"v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-4-tab\" data-toggle=\"pill\"\n                                href=\"#v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-4\" role=\"tab\"\n                                aria-controls=\"v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-4\" aria-selected=\"true\">\n                                Spring Steels\n                            <\/a>\n                                                                                                            <a class=\"tab-link \"\n                                id=\"v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-5-tab\" data-toggle=\"pill\"\n                                href=\"#v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-5\" role=\"tab\"\n                                aria-controls=\"v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-5\" aria-selected=\"true\">\n                                Stainless Steel\n                            <\/a>\n                                                                        <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"col-12 col-lg-8\">\n                    \n                    <div class=\"tab-content\" id=\"v-pills-tabContent\">\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"tab-pane fade show active\"\n                                id=\"v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-0\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                                aria-labelledby=\"v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-0-tab\">\n                                <style>\n                                    #v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-0::before {\n                                        background-image: url('');\n                                    }\n                                <\/style>\n                                <div class=\"tab-pane-inner\">\n                                    <h4 class=\"tab-header\">Carburizing Steels<\/h4>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Carburizing steels are used for applications that require the surface of parts to be hard and wear-resistant while maintaining a softer, more ductile core. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/capabilities\/processes\/heat-treating\/carburizing\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Carburizing<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/capabilities\/processes\/heat-treating\/ferritic-nitrocarburizing\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ferritic nitrocarburizing<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are two techniques we apply for case hardening of carburizing steels, while some parts made from this material require <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/capabilities\/processes\/heat-treating\/through-hardening\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">through hardening<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Parts made from carburizing steel that we typically encounter include <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">stampings<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, machined components, automotive parts, and agricultural implements.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Two common types of carburizing steels we see are:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>8620 steel. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8620 is a common carburizing steel that is often used for medium-strength applications such as camshafts, gears, and more. <\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b style=\"font-size: clamp(1rem, 3vw, 1.125rem);\">1018 steel. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1018 is a low-carbon steel that features excellent formability and produces a case with uniform hardness once heat treated; it is often used to produce fasteners.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n                                                                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n\n\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"tab-pane fade \"\n                                id=\"v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-1\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                                aria-labelledby=\"v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-1-tab\">\n                                <style>\n                                    #v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-1::before {\n                                        background-image: url('');\n                                    }\n                                <\/style>\n                                <div class=\"tab-pane-inner\">\n                                    <h4 class=\"tab-header\">Carbon Steels<\/h4>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are three main categories of carbon steel, which we differentiate from other steels that contain more alloy content.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Mild or low-carbon steels<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> containing 0.05\u20130.30% carbon.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Medium-carbon steels such as 1035 and 1045<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> containing between 0.3% and 0.5% carbon.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>High-carbon steels such as 1050<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> contain 0.5\u20131.70% carbon by weight.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Carbon steels are often used for springs, stampings, small machine components, knives, and more. The most common thermal process we run on carbon steels is through hardening (also known as neutral hardening). <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n\n\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"tab-pane fade \"\n                                id=\"v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-2\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                                aria-labelledby=\"v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-2-tab\">\n                                <style>\n                                    #v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-2::before {\n                                        background-image: url('');\n                                    }\n                                <\/style>\n                                <div class=\"tab-pane-inner\">\n                                    <h4 class=\"tab-header\">Maraging Steels<\/h4>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These metals are called maraging steels by combining the words \u201cmartensitic\u201d and \u201caging.\u201d They comprise a classification of low-carbon, nickel-cobalt-molybdenum alloys with ultra-high strength and toughness that can still maintain excellent ductility.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maraging steels are first <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/capabilities\/processes\/heat-treating\/annealing\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">annealed<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> before undergoing <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/capabilities\/processes\/heat-treating\/precipitation-hardening\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">precipitation hardening<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a process also known as aging. The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">precipitation of intermetallic compounds throughout the material is what lends maraging steels their superior strength (as opposed to carbon content in carbon steels).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We encounter maraging steels such as Vascomax mainly in specialized aerospace applications like helicopter rotor masts.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n\n\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"tab-pane fade \"\n                                id=\"v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-3\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                                aria-labelledby=\"v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-3-tab\">\n                                <style>\n                                    #v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-3::before {\n                                        background-image: url('');\n                                    }\n                                <\/style>\n                                <div class=\"tab-pane-inner\">\n                                    <h4 class=\"tab-header\">Specialty Alloy Steels &amp; Engineering Alloys<\/h4>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Often known simply as alloy steels, these materials contain iron, carbon, and other alloying agents in their chemical makeup. Popular additives include chrome, manganese, molybdenum (moly), and nickel. These materials are used in applications that require high strength and ductility.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The combination and content of different alloying agents greatly affects the properties of the material and subsequently, the heat treatment requirements. A few of the most common alloy steels we process include:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>4140 steel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a chromium- and molybdenum-containing low alloy steel that is widely used across the entire industrial spectrum.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>4130 steel, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a low-alloy formula featuring chromium and molybdenum. This material is often vacuum arc remelted (VAR) to eliminate impurities and make it more chemically homogenous.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>6150 steel <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is a chromium-vanadium steel commonly used for shafts, gears, and pinions.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most common thermal process we apply to alloy steels is through hardening. Alloy steels are often selected for applications that require fully hardened parts with a thickness greater than \u00bc\u201d. Carbon steels generally will not fully harden when thickness exceeds \u00bc\u201d. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n\n\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"tab-pane fade \"\n                                id=\"v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-4\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                                aria-labelledby=\"v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-4-tab\">\n                                <style>\n                                    #v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-4::before {\n                                        background-image: url('');\n                                    }\n                                <\/style>\n                                <div class=\"tab-pane-inner\">\n                                    <h4 class=\"tab-header\">Spring Steels<\/h4>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spring steels are generally medium- to high-carbon steels with manganese alloy that feature a very high yield strength. Higher carbon content is common among this family of steels to prevent creep (the tendency to deform under persistent mechanical stress). A few of the most common spring steels we encounter include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>1075 steel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a high-carbon steel mainly used to <b><\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">manufacture cutting blades (knives, saws, even swords) and springs.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>5150 steel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a medium-carbon, chromium steel with good strength, toughness, and hardenability.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>5160 steel <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is also known as chrome steel because of its alloying elements. It features<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">high ductility, excellent toughness, and high tensile-yield ratio.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As part of the through hardening process, spring steel is typically quenched in oil prior to tempering.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n                                                                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n\n\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"tab-pane fade \"\n                                id=\"v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-5\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                                aria-labelledby=\"v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-5-tab\">\n                                <style>\n                                    #v-pills-block_62afdd7bd38ac-5::before {\n                                        background-image: url('');\n                                    }\n                                <\/style>\n                                <div class=\"tab-pane-inner\">\n                                    <h4 class=\"tab-header\">Stainless Steel<\/h4>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The corrosion resistance of stainless steel thanks to its greater chromium content makes it an obvious choice for parts that require protection against oxidation. There are four main types of stainless steel:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Austenitic stainless steels.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Materials such as 304 and 316 are the most corrosion resistant of all stainless steels. Heat treatment cannot increase the hardness of austenitic stainless steel, but it can be heat treated to enhance corrosion resistance. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/resources\/heat-treating-annealing-stainless-steel-impacts-corrosion-resistance-polishing\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Austenitic stainless steels are often annealed<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to enhance toughness, ductility, and machinability.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ferritic stainless steels<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> such as 430, like austenitic stainless steels, may be heat treated to improve corrosion resistance but not to increase hardness. Ferritic stainless steels can also be annealed to impart the same benefits described above.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Martensitic stainless steels<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like 410, 416, and 420 have higher carbon content than their austenitic counterparts and can be through hardened.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Precipitation hardening stainless steels<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> such as 17-4 and 13-8 provide more corrosion resistance than martensitic stainless steels but not as much as the austenitics. After annealing, these materials are \u201caged,\u201d a process also known as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/capabilities\/processes\/heat-treating\/precipitation-hardening\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">precipitation hardening<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which gives them their name. This means that the material hardens as a result of particles precipitating out of the intermetallic structure.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stainless steel is used in a large range of applications including stampings and machined parts and is most often chosen for its corrosion resistance.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n\n\n                                                                        <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <div class=\"mobile-tab-slider-container container d-lg-none\">\n        \n        <div class=\"swiper-container tab-content-slider\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                                    \n                    <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                        <div class=\"slide-content\" id=\"slide-content-block_62afdd7bd38ac-0\">\n                            <style>\n                                #slide-content-block_62afdd7bd38ac-0::before {\n                                    background-image: url('');\n                                }\n                            <\/style>\n                                  <div class=\"slide-pane\">\n                                <div class=\"tab-pane-inner\">\n                                    <h4 class=\"tab-header\">Carburizing Steels<\/h4>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Carburizing steels are used for applications that require the surface of parts to be hard and wear-resistant while maintaining a softer, more ductile core. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/capabilities\/processes\/heat-treating\/carburizing\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Carburizing<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/capabilities\/processes\/heat-treating\/ferritic-nitrocarburizing\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ferritic nitrocarburizing<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are two techniques we apply for case hardening of carburizing steels, while some parts made from this material require <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/capabilities\/processes\/heat-treating\/through-hardening\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">through hardening<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Parts made from carburizing steel that we typically encounter include <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">stampings<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, machined components, automotive parts, and agricultural implements.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Two common types of carburizing steels we see are:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>8620 steel. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8620 is a common carburizing steel that is often used for medium-strength applications such as camshafts, gears, and more. <\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b style=\"font-size: clamp(1rem, 3vw, 1.125rem);\">1018 steel. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1018 is a low-carbon steel that features excellent formability and produces a case with uniform hardness once heat treated; it is often used to produce fasteners.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n                                                                        <div class=\"swiper-buttons-wrapper\">\n                                        <div class=\"swiper-button-prev\">\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/paulo\/dist\/images\/circle-arrow-left_d1e87b11.svg\">\n                                        <\/div>\n                                        <div class=\"swiper-button-next\">\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/paulo\/dist\/images\/circle-arrow-right_f2999d47.svg\">\n                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                                                        \n                    <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                        <div class=\"slide-content\" id=\"slide-content-block_62afdd7bd38ac-1\">\n                            <style>\n                                #slide-content-block_62afdd7bd38ac-1::before {\n                                    background-image: url('');\n                                }\n                            <\/style>\n                                  <div class=\"slide-pane\">\n                                <div class=\"tab-pane-inner\">\n                                    <h4 class=\"tab-header\">Carbon Steels<\/h4>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are three main categories of carbon steel, which we differentiate from other steels that contain more alloy content.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Mild or low-carbon steels<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> containing 0.05\u20130.30% carbon.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Medium-carbon steels such as 1035 and 1045<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> containing between 0.3% and 0.5% carbon.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>High-carbon steels such as 1050<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> contain 0.5\u20131.70% carbon by weight.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Carbon steels are often used for springs, stampings, small machine components, knives, and more. The most common thermal process we run on carbon steels is through hardening (also known as neutral hardening). <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                        <div class=\"swiper-buttons-wrapper\">\n                                        <div class=\"swiper-button-prev\">\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/paulo\/dist\/images\/circle-arrow-left_d1e87b11.svg\">\n                                        <\/div>\n                                        <div class=\"swiper-button-next\">\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/paulo\/dist\/images\/circle-arrow-right_f2999d47.svg\">\n                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                                                        \n                    <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                        <div class=\"slide-content\" id=\"slide-content-block_62afdd7bd38ac-2\">\n                            <style>\n                                #slide-content-block_62afdd7bd38ac-2::before {\n                                    background-image: url('');\n                                }\n                            <\/style>\n                                  <div class=\"slide-pane\">\n                                <div class=\"tab-pane-inner\">\n                                    <h4 class=\"tab-header\">Maraging Steels<\/h4>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These metals are called maraging steels by combining the words \u201cmartensitic\u201d and \u201caging.\u201d They comprise a classification of low-carbon, nickel-cobalt-molybdenum alloys with ultra-high strength and toughness that can still maintain excellent ductility.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maraging steels are first <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/capabilities\/processes\/heat-treating\/annealing\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">annealed<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> before undergoing <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/capabilities\/processes\/heat-treating\/precipitation-hardening\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">precipitation hardening<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a process also known as aging. The <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">precipitation of intermetallic compounds throughout the material is what lends maraging steels their superior strength (as opposed to carbon content in carbon steels).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We encounter maraging steels such as Vascomax mainly in specialized aerospace applications like helicopter rotor masts.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                        <div class=\"swiper-buttons-wrapper\">\n                                        <div class=\"swiper-button-prev\">\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/paulo\/dist\/images\/circle-arrow-left_d1e87b11.svg\">\n                                        <\/div>\n                                        <div class=\"swiper-button-next\">\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/paulo\/dist\/images\/circle-arrow-right_f2999d47.svg\">\n                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                                                        \n                    <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                        <div class=\"slide-content\" id=\"slide-content-block_62afdd7bd38ac-3\">\n                            <style>\n                                #slide-content-block_62afdd7bd38ac-3::before {\n                                    background-image: url('');\n                                }\n                            <\/style>\n                                  <div class=\"slide-pane\">\n                                <div class=\"tab-pane-inner\">\n                                    <h4 class=\"tab-header\">Specialty Alloy Steels &amp; Engineering Alloys<\/h4>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Often known simply as alloy steels, these materials contain iron, carbon, and other alloying agents in their chemical makeup. Popular additives include chrome, manganese, molybdenum (moly), and nickel. These materials are used in applications that require high strength and ductility.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The combination and content of different alloying agents greatly affects the properties of the material and subsequently, the heat treatment requirements. A few of the most common alloy steels we process include:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>4140 steel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a chromium- and molybdenum-containing low alloy steel that is widely used across the entire industrial spectrum.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>4130 steel, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a low-alloy formula featuring chromium and molybdenum. This material is often vacuum arc remelted (VAR) to eliminate impurities and make it more chemically homogenous.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>6150 steel <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is a chromium-vanadium steel commonly used for shafts, gears, and pinions.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most common thermal process we apply to alloy steels is through hardening. Alloy steels are often selected for applications that require fully hardened parts with a thickness greater than \u00bc\u201d. Carbon steels generally will not fully harden when thickness exceeds \u00bc\u201d. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                        <div class=\"swiper-buttons-wrapper\">\n                                        <div class=\"swiper-button-prev\">\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/paulo\/dist\/images\/circle-arrow-left_d1e87b11.svg\">\n                                        <\/div>\n                                        <div class=\"swiper-button-next\">\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/paulo\/dist\/images\/circle-arrow-right_f2999d47.svg\">\n                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                                                        \n                    <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                        <div class=\"slide-content\" id=\"slide-content-block_62afdd7bd38ac-4\">\n                            <style>\n                                #slide-content-block_62afdd7bd38ac-4::before {\n                                    background-image: url('');\n                                }\n                            <\/style>\n                                  <div class=\"slide-pane\">\n                                <div class=\"tab-pane-inner\">\n                                    <h4 class=\"tab-header\">Spring Steels<\/h4>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spring steels are generally medium- to high-carbon steels with manganese alloy that feature a very high yield strength. Higher carbon content is common among this family of steels to prevent creep (the tendency to deform under persistent mechanical stress). A few of the most common spring steels we encounter include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>1075 steel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a high-carbon steel mainly used to <b><\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">manufacture cutting blades (knives, saws, even swords) and springs.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>5150 steel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a medium-carbon, chromium steel with good strength, toughness, and hardenability.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>5160 steel <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is also known as chrome steel because of its alloying elements. It features<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">high ductility, excellent toughness, and high tensile-yield ratio.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As part of the through hardening process, spring steel is typically quenched in oil prior to tempering.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n                                                                        <div class=\"swiper-buttons-wrapper\">\n                                        <div class=\"swiper-button-prev\">\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/paulo\/dist\/images\/circle-arrow-left_d1e87b11.svg\">\n                                        <\/div>\n                                        <div class=\"swiper-button-next\">\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/paulo\/dist\/images\/circle-arrow-right_f2999d47.svg\">\n                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                                                        \n                    <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                        <div class=\"slide-content\" id=\"slide-content-block_62afdd7bd38ac-5\">\n                            <style>\n                                #slide-content-block_62afdd7bd38ac-5::before {\n                                    background-image: url('');\n                                }\n                            <\/style>\n                                  <div class=\"slide-pane\">\n                                <div class=\"tab-pane-inner\">\n                                    <h4 class=\"tab-header\">Stainless Steel<\/h4>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The corrosion resistance of stainless steel thanks to its greater chromium content makes it an obvious choice for parts that require protection against oxidation. There are four main types of stainless steel:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Austenitic stainless steels.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Materials such as 304 and 316 are the most corrosion resistant of all stainless steels. Heat treatment cannot increase the hardness of austenitic stainless steel, but it can be heat treated to enhance corrosion resistance. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/resources\/heat-treating-annealing-stainless-steel-impacts-corrosion-resistance-polishing\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Austenitic stainless steels are often annealed<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to enhance toughness, ductility, and machinability.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ferritic stainless steels<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> such as 430, like austenitic stainless steels, may be heat treated to improve corrosion resistance but not to increase hardness. Ferritic stainless steels can also be annealed to impart the same benefits described above.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Martensitic stainless steels<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like 410, 416, and 420 have higher carbon content than their austenitic counterparts and can be through hardened.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Precipitation hardening stainless steels<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> such as 17-4 and 13-8 provide more corrosion resistance than martensitic stainless steels but not as much as the austenitics. After annealing, these materials are \u201caged,\u201d a process also known as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/capabilities\/processes\/heat-treating\/precipitation-hardening\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">precipitation hardening<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which gives them their name. This means that the material hardens as a result of particles precipitating out of the intermetallic structure.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stainless steel is used in a large range of applications including stampings and machined parts and is most often chosen for its corrosion resistance.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                        <div class=\"swiper-buttons-wrapper\">\n                                        <div class=\"swiper-button-prev\">\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/paulo\/dist\/images\/circle-arrow-left_d1e87b11.svg\">\n                                        <\/div>\n                                        <div class=\"swiper-button-next\">\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/paulo\/dist\/images\/circle-arrow-right_f2999d47.svg\">\n                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                                                <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <script>\n  (function() {\n    const $tabContentSliders = jQuery('.tab-content-slider');\n\n    $tabContentSliders.each(function() {\n      const $slider = jQuery(this);\n      const $block = $slider.closest('.block');\n      const $blockId = $block.attr('id');\n\n      const tabContentSwiper = new Swiper($slider[0], {\n        autoplay: false,\n        loop: true,\n        slidesPerView: 'auto',\n        centeredSlides: true,\n        navigation: {\n          nextEl: `#${$blockId} .swiper-button-next`,\n          prevEl: `#${$blockId} .swiper-button-prev`,\n        },\n      });\n\n      \/\/ Uncomment the following code if you want to initialize the tab title slider as well\n      \/\/ const $tabTitleSlider = $(`#${$blockId} .tab-title-slider`);\n      \/\/ if ($tabTitleSlider.length) {\n      \/\/   const tabTitleSwiper = new Swiper($tabTitleSlider[0], {\n      \/\/     autoplay: false,\n      \/\/     loop: true,\n      \/\/     slidesPerView: 'auto',\n      \/\/     centeredSlides: true,\n      \/\/     slideToClickedSlide: true,\n      \/\/   });\n      \/\/\n      \/\/   tabContentSwiper.controller.control = tabTitleSwiper;\n      \/\/   tabTitleSwiper.controller.control = tabContentSwiper;\n      \/\/ }\n    });\n  })();\n    <\/script>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Heat Treatment for Custom and Proprietary Alloys<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We work with many of the world\u2019s leading aerospace, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/markets\/power-generation\/\">power generation<\/a>, and automotive manufacturers who use their own proprietary alloys when producing parts. If you\u2019re using custom or proprietary alloys in your regular production or your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/datagineering\/research-and-development\/\">research and development<\/a> efforts, we can help you achieve precise, repeatable results. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/get-a-quote\/\">Connect with a Paulo expert today<\/a> for help with your specialized materials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nonferrous Materials<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nonferrous materials can be heat treated to perform well in specialized applications where lighter weight materials, electrical conductivity, or extra high strength are required.<\/p>\n\n\n<section id=\"block_62b06b45315ac\" class=\"tabbed-content block\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"container d-none d-lg-block\">\n        <div class=\"row\">\n            <div class=\"tab-container row\">\n                <div class=\"col-12 col-lg-4\">\n                    \n                    <div class=\"tab-sidebar nav flex-column nav-pills\" id=\"v-pills-tab\" role=\"tablist\"\n                        aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n                                                                                                        <a class=\"tab-link active\"\n                                id=\"v-pills-block_62b06b45315ac-0-tab\" data-toggle=\"pill\"\n                                href=\"#v-pills-block_62b06b45315ac-0\" role=\"tab\"\n                                aria-controls=\"v-pills-block_62b06b45315ac-0\" aria-selected=\"true\">\n                                Aluminum\n                            <\/a>\n                                                                                                            <a class=\"tab-link \"\n                                id=\"v-pills-block_62b06b45315ac-1-tab\" data-toggle=\"pill\"\n                                href=\"#v-pills-block_62b06b45315ac-1\" role=\"tab\"\n                                aria-controls=\"v-pills-block_62b06b45315ac-1\" aria-selected=\"true\">\n                                Copper, Brass, and Bronze\n                            <\/a>\n                                                                                                            <a class=\"tab-link \"\n                                id=\"v-pills-block_62b06b45315ac-2-tab\" data-toggle=\"pill\"\n                                href=\"#v-pills-block_62b06b45315ac-2\" role=\"tab\"\n                                aria-controls=\"v-pills-block_62b06b45315ac-2\" aria-selected=\"true\">\n                                Titanium\n                            <\/a>\n                                                                                                            <a class=\"tab-link \"\n                                id=\"v-pills-block_62b06b45315ac-3-tab\" data-toggle=\"pill\"\n                                href=\"#v-pills-block_62b06b45315ac-3\" role=\"tab\"\n                                aria-controls=\"v-pills-block_62b06b45315ac-3\" aria-selected=\"true\">\n                                Nickel-Based Superalloys\n                            <\/a>\n                                                                        <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"col-12 col-lg-8\">\n                    \n                    <div class=\"tab-content\" id=\"v-pills-tabContent\">\n                                                                                                        <div class=\"tab-pane fade show active\"\n                                id=\"v-pills-block_62b06b45315ac-0\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                                aria-labelledby=\"v-pills-block_62b06b45315ac-0-tab\">\n                                <style>\n                                    #v-pills-block_62b06b45315ac-0::before {\n                                        background-image: url('');\n                                    }\n                                <\/style>\n                                <div class=\"tab-pane-inner\">\n                                    <h4 class=\"tab-header\">Aluminum<\/h4>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Heat treating aluminum parts is usually required for lightweight structural components for aerospace, in addition to some motorcycle and automotive parts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The aluminum alloys we typically encounter are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6061 aluminum is the most commonly available aluminum alloy and responds the best to heat treatment when compared with others.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2024 aluminum alloy has a high strength-to-weight ratio and good fatigue resistance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The main thermal processes for aluminum are <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/capabilities\/processes\/heat-treating\/solution-treating\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">solution treating<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and aging\/precipitation hardening. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n\n\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"tab-pane fade \"\n                                id=\"v-pills-block_62b06b45315ac-1\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                                aria-labelledby=\"v-pills-block_62b06b45315ac-1-tab\">\n                                <style>\n                                    #v-pills-block_62b06b45315ac-1::before {\n                                        background-image: url('');\n                                    }\n                                <\/style>\n                                <div class=\"tab-pane-inner\">\n                                    <h4 class=\"tab-header\">Copper, Brass, and Bronze<\/h4>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most of the copper, brass, and bronze materials we see are used in electrical components for power distribution or for ammunition. While most of these materials can only be made softer through annealing, there is one notable exception.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beryllium copper is used for non-sparking hand tools produced specifically for oil &amp; gas or other sensitive environments. This material can be hardened up to the mid-30s on the Rockwell hardness scale by aging in a tempering furnace.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n\n\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"tab-pane fade \"\n                                id=\"v-pills-block_62b06b45315ac-2\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                                aria-labelledby=\"v-pills-block_62b06b45315ac-2-tab\">\n                                <style>\n                                    #v-pills-block_62b06b45315ac-2::before {\n                                        background-image: url('');\n                                    }\n                                <\/style>\n                                <div class=\"tab-pane-inner\">\n                                    <h4 class=\"tab-header\">Titanium<\/h4>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For high strength, lightweight, and the ability to withstand higher temperatures, nothing beats titanium. We often see the titanium alloy Ti6Al4 in structural areas of airplanes, medical implants, and firearms components. This material is processed by solution treating and aging\/precipitation hardening in a vacuum furnace.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n\n\n                                                                                                            <div class=\"tab-pane fade \"\n                                id=\"v-pills-block_62b06b45315ac-3\" role=\"tabpanel\"\n                                aria-labelledby=\"v-pills-block_62b06b45315ac-3-tab\">\n                                <style>\n                                    #v-pills-block_62b06b45315ac-3::before {\n                                        background-image: url('');\n                                    }\n                                <\/style>\n                                <div class=\"tab-pane-inner\">\n                                    <h4 class=\"tab-header\">Nickel-Based Superalloys<\/h4>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For applications requiring high-temperature resistance without creep (such as jet engine parts, turbine blades, vanes, combusters, igniters, and hot section components) nickel-based superalloys provide performance. A few examples of nickel-based alloys we encounter are Inconel 718 and Rene-80. These materials are usually treated by vacuum solution treating and aging\/precipitation hardening.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n\n\n                                                                        <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <div class=\"mobile-tab-slider-container container d-lg-none\">\n        \n        <div class=\"swiper-container tab-content-slider\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                                    \n                    <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                        <div class=\"slide-content\" id=\"slide-content-block_62b06b45315ac-0\">\n                            <style>\n                                #slide-content-block_62b06b45315ac-0::before {\n                                    background-image: url('');\n                                }\n                            <\/style>\n                                  <div class=\"slide-pane\">\n                                <div class=\"tab-pane-inner\">\n                                    <h4 class=\"tab-header\">Aluminum<\/h4>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Heat treating aluminum parts is usually required for lightweight structural components for aerospace, in addition to some motorcycle and automotive parts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The aluminum alloys we typically encounter are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6061 aluminum is the most commonly available aluminum alloy and responds the best to heat treatment when compared with others.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2024 aluminum alloy has a high strength-to-weight ratio and good fatigue resistance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The main thermal processes for aluminum are <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/capabilities\/processes\/heat-treating\/solution-treating\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">solution treating<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and aging\/precipitation hardening. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                        <div class=\"swiper-buttons-wrapper\">\n                                        <div class=\"swiper-button-prev\">\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/paulo\/dist\/images\/circle-arrow-left_d1e87b11.svg\">\n                                        <\/div>\n                                        <div class=\"swiper-button-next\">\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/paulo\/dist\/images\/circle-arrow-right_f2999d47.svg\">\n                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                                                        \n                    <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                        <div class=\"slide-content\" id=\"slide-content-block_62b06b45315ac-1\">\n                            <style>\n                                #slide-content-block_62b06b45315ac-1::before {\n                                    background-image: url('');\n                                }\n                            <\/style>\n                                  <div class=\"slide-pane\">\n                                <div class=\"tab-pane-inner\">\n                                    <h4 class=\"tab-header\">Copper, Brass, and Bronze<\/h4>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most of the copper, brass, and bronze materials we see are used in electrical components for power distribution or for ammunition. While most of these materials can only be made softer through annealing, there is one notable exception.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beryllium copper is used for non-sparking hand tools produced specifically for oil &amp; gas or other sensitive environments. This material can be hardened up to the mid-30s on the Rockwell hardness scale by aging in a tempering furnace.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                        <div class=\"swiper-buttons-wrapper\">\n                                        <div class=\"swiper-button-prev\">\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/paulo\/dist\/images\/circle-arrow-left_d1e87b11.svg\">\n                                        <\/div>\n                                        <div class=\"swiper-button-next\">\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/paulo\/dist\/images\/circle-arrow-right_f2999d47.svg\">\n                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                                                        \n                    <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                        <div class=\"slide-content\" id=\"slide-content-block_62b06b45315ac-2\">\n                            <style>\n                                #slide-content-block_62b06b45315ac-2::before {\n                                    background-image: url('');\n                                }\n                            <\/style>\n                                  <div class=\"slide-pane\">\n                                <div class=\"tab-pane-inner\">\n                                    <h4 class=\"tab-header\">Titanium<\/h4>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For high strength, lightweight, and the ability to withstand higher temperatures, nothing beats titanium. We often see the titanium alloy Ti6Al4 in structural areas of airplanes, medical implants, and firearms components. This material is processed by solution treating and aging\/precipitation hardening in a vacuum furnace.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                        <div class=\"swiper-buttons-wrapper\">\n                                        <div class=\"swiper-button-prev\">\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/paulo\/dist\/images\/circle-arrow-left_d1e87b11.svg\">\n                                        <\/div>\n                                        <div class=\"swiper-button-next\">\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/paulo\/dist\/images\/circle-arrow-right_f2999d47.svg\">\n                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                                                        \n                    <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                        <div class=\"slide-content\" id=\"slide-content-block_62b06b45315ac-3\">\n                            <style>\n                                #slide-content-block_62b06b45315ac-3::before {\n                                    background-image: url('');\n                                }\n                            <\/style>\n                                  <div class=\"slide-pane\">\n                                <div class=\"tab-pane-inner\">\n                                    <h4 class=\"tab-header\">Nickel-Based Superalloys<\/h4>\n                                    <div class=\"tab-body\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For applications requiring high-temperature resistance without creep (such as jet engine parts, turbine blades, vanes, combusters, igniters, and hot section components) nickel-based superalloys provide performance. A few examples of nickel-based alloys we encounter are Inconel 718 and Rene-80. These materials are usually treated by vacuum solution treating and aging\/precipitation hardening.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                        <div class=\"swiper-buttons-wrapper\">\n                                        <div class=\"swiper-button-prev\">\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/paulo\/dist\/images\/circle-arrow-left_d1e87b11.svg\">\n                                        <\/div>\n                                        <div class=\"swiper-button-next\">\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/wp-content\/themes\/paulo\/dist\/images\/circle-arrow-right_f2999d47.svg\">\n                                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                                                <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <script>\n  (function() {\n    const $tabContentSliders = jQuery('.tab-content-slider');\n\n    $tabContentSliders.each(function() {\n      const $slider = jQuery(this);\n      const $block = $slider.closest('.block');\n      const $blockId = $block.attr('id');\n\n      const tabContentSwiper = new Swiper($slider[0], {\n        autoplay: false,\n        loop: true,\n        slidesPerView: 'auto',\n        centeredSlides: true,\n        navigation: {\n          nextEl: `#${$blockId} .swiper-button-next`,\n          prevEl: `#${$blockId} .swiper-button-prev`,\n        },\n      });\n\n      \/\/ Uncomment the following code if you want to initialize the tab title slider as well\n      \/\/ const $tabTitleSlider = $(`#${$blockId} .tab-title-slider`);\n      \/\/ if ($tabTitleSlider.length) {\n      \/\/   const tabTitleSwiper = new Swiper($tabTitleSlider[0], {\n      \/\/     autoplay: false,\n      \/\/     loop: true,\n      \/\/     slidesPerView: 'auto',\n      \/\/     centeredSlides: true,\n      \/\/     slideToClickedSlide: true,\n      \/\/   });\n      \/\/\n      \/\/   tabContentSwiper.controller.control = tabTitleSwiper;\n      \/\/   tabTitleSwiper.controller.control = tabContentSwiper;\n      \/\/ }\n    });\n  })();\n    <\/script>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<section  id=\"block_62b06bde315b0\"\n  class=\"call-to-action call-to-action block\n   full-width\"\n    style=\"background:  url(https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/CTA-2.jpg) center \/ cover no-repeat;\n    \">\n      <div class=\"overlay position-absolute w-100 h-100\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"container text-center\n        \">\n    \n    <h2 class=\"text-center\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Get the Expert Guidance You Need to Solve Tough Problems.<\/h2>\n\n          <p class=\"text text-center mx-auto mb-4\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Connect with a Paulo expert today to discuss the thermal processing challenges you\u2019re facing.<\/p>\n    \n                  <a class=\"button    btn-clr-white  m-auto\" href=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/get-a-quote\/\" target=\"\">Get Started<\/a>\n          \n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tratamiento t\u00e9rmico de los aceros El acero es una mezcla de hierro, carbono y, a menudo, otros agentes de aleaci\u00f3n. Existen m\u00e1s de 3.500 tipos diferentes de acero, todos ellos con distinta composici\u00f3n qu\u00edmica y propiedades f\u00edsicas. Estos son algunos de los tipos que se utilizan a menudo en el tratamiento t\u00e9rmico. Tratamiento t\u00e9rmico de aleaciones personalizadas y patentadas Trabajamos con muchas de las ... <a href=\"https:\/\/www.paulo.com\/es\/capabilities\/materiales\/\">Contin\u00faa<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11167","capabilities","type-capabilities","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Materials We Process | Paulo: Heat Treating, Brazing, and Metal Finishing<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"We provide thermal processing and heat treating for carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel, tool steel, aluminum, titanium, and more.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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